Athletic Trainers are unique health care providers who specialize in the prevention, assessment, treatment and rehabilitation of injuries and illnesses under the direction of a physician. Athletic Training is practiced by Certified Athletic Trainers, Health Care Professionals who collaborate with physicians to optimize activity and participation of patients and clients. Athletic training encompasses the prevention, diagnosis, and intervention of emergency, acute, and chronic medical conditions involving impairment, functional limitations, and disabilities. Accredited programs include formal instruction in areas such as injury/illness prevention, first aid and emergency care, assessment of injury/illness, human anatomy and physiology, therapeutic modalities, and nutrition.